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wall,and then place the candle inside-a solution that will only come to mind if you are preparedto think about the functions of each object.Before working on the problem,some participants were asked to recall a sarcastic interaction,while others remembered a sincere or neutral exchange.Quite amazingly,the sarcastic memoriesmore than doubled the participants'success ratc,from around 30%to more than 60%.It may initially feel like a shock when parents notice their children using sarcasm---a sign,perhaps,of a more adult---like cynicism(愤世嫉俗)that conflicts with their impressions of theirchildren's youthful innocence.Parents may feel particularly helpless when dealing with a teenagerwho uses it in almost all interactions,as if they struggle.to express any sincere cmotions.But should we blame teens for applying this handy tool?Perhaps it's better seen as the usefulpractice of a vital ability.Penny Pexman,a psycholinguist at the University of Calgary agrees andit is for this reason that she has produced Sydney Gets Sarcastic,a storybook that providesmultiple examples of sarcasm and the reasons it was used.In a recent experiment on 5-to6-year-olds,she showed that children who read and discussed the story found it easier to detectsarcastic statements in a following test.28.Why docs the author refer to Oscar Wilde's words at the beginning of the text?A.To give a definition of sarcasm.B.To stress the significance of sarcasmC.To express his concern about sarcasmD.To show the misunderstanding of sarcasm.29.What can we learn about sarcastic memories from Li Huang's experiment?A.They tended to stay long with participants.B.They offered clues to the problem to be solved.C.They could force participants to face problems.D.They contributed greatly to participants'success.30.What might parents think of their children's sarcasm?A.It shows their innocence.B.It helps them express emotions.C.It is not appropriate for their age.D.It allows them to behave like adults.31.What's the author's purpose in writing the text?A.To urge parents to learn from their children's sarcasm6