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E①Confucianism(儒家思想)has been followed by Chinese peoplefor more than two thousand years.2To help people understand how to behave towards others,Confucianism teaches the Five Constants().These are ren,yi,li,zhiand xin.They are general virtues (around the world.The mostimportant two are ren and li.3Ren is the feeling of care and love we should have for othersConfucius explained ren could best be understood as loving others.He isfamous for teaching people "What you do not want done to yourself,donot do to others".It is quite similar to what is known in the West as theGolden Rule(treat others as you wish to be treated).4While the meaning of ren is easy to understand,li is a little harder to express.It can bethought of as duty or even respect.Generally,li is the way we should connect with people inour everyday life.In Confucian writings,discussions about li include the proper way to drinktea and how to remember ancestors().While ren is mostly about our opinions and feelings,li is about how we express our opinions and feelings towards others and towards the worldaround us.(5Pethaps the most well-known Confucian virtue is xiao.This is the duty children have totheir parents.Xiao means loving,respecting,obeying and taking care of one's parents in theirold age.In Confucianism,xiao is important for a harmonious()society:Without it,thewhole world would fall into a mess.56.What is the best Chinese translation of the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?A.博学于文，约之以礼。。B.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。C.己所不欲，勿施于人。D.君子和而不同，小人同而不和。57.Which of the following is an example of li?A.Building a peaceful society.B.Taking care of one's children.C.Obeying rules for drinking tea.D.Learning all through one's life.58.What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage?A.To tell us about general vituals in ConfucianismB.To let us know the long history of ConfucianismC.To show us the new challenges in the development of Confucianism.D.To explain the golden rules in Confucianism.59.Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?A①B⑦C.①②D②③②⑤②⑤②③④⑤④2023-2024学年度上期高一七校开学联考英语试题第7页共10页